Telecommunication and Mobile Broadband Service » infrastructures

BSC – Base Station Controller

engineer — Fri, 21 May 2010 18:46:55 +0000

Mobile broadband service session and others telecommunication services when it reaches BTS than the session will be delivered to Base Station Controller (BSC) for the next process. Base Station Controller (BSC) is part of the telecommunication infrastructures more specific on the wireless network that control one or more Base Transceiver Station (BTS). Typically BSC could have ten or more BTS and they all controlled by this BSC. In the telecommunication architectures, BSC has several critical functions such as perform radio signal management for BTS and managing function e.g. frequency assignment and handoff.

Base Station Controller (BSC) is located between BTS and Mobile service switching centre (MSC). BSC provides the control function between both BTS and MSC. Beside handover function, BSC provides cell configuration data and control of radio frequency (RF) power level in BTS. When the data sessions from mobile broadband services and others service comes to BTS than BSC will allocate Radio resource to this session before they reach the application layer which located on the core network or out side (internet)

BSC is acted as a concentrator where many different low capacity connections to BTS with various traffic and services become reduced to a smaller number of connections to MSC. It means the session from mobile telecommunication subscriber which land on many BTS will be concentrated on BSC and than deliver it to MSC with a high level of utilization. You can imagine what happen if each of BTS with low level of utilization will connect to MSC directly. There will be many connections from BTS to MSC but has low traffic. This is not good telecommunication architectures and high cost. BSC is a bridge between both

Since the function is very critical on the telecommunication infrastructures either GPRS or CDMA, BSC should be installed be fully redundancy. The redundancy includes dual power supply, database etc. This redundancy will guarantee that the service will be not interrupted while the primary BSC is going down

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What is BTS?:Out door BTS

engineer — Tue, 18 May 2010 19:07:20 +0000

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is the technical term for a mobile phone base station. A BTS could be contained of transmit and receive technology and also the aerials to supply a radio cell. Several BTSs are administered by a BSC (Base Station Controller). BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is a part of telecommunication infrastructures located nearest to the mobile telecommunication subscribers. When subscriber makes any sessions either voice call or data call (e.g. mobile broadband service), BTS will receive this session at the first time and than forward it to the core network to get proper service. BTS is major telecommunication infrastructures which can usually have highest priority when telecommunication companies plan to expand the network or to improve the quality of the network

BTS which will be installed should have maximum capability but can reduce the cost. As you know that engineering part such as building stage is the most expensive part while deploying the BTS. Out door BTS is one of the solution to reduce the cost and total investment of BTS building. Besides leasing the building part, building a shelter for the BTS it self and others support system is also take much cost. Therefore, out door BTS could be the best option to reduce the cost.

Once telecommunication companies decide to use out door BTS, they should select the best product which meet some requirements to make that the BTS can handle the traffic properly and can reach maximum capability of its BTS. others parameters that should be considered is that out door BTS will be installed in the out door, safety and high flexibility while installing the equipment is the thing that should be prioritize. The parameters which should be on the our door BTS are:.

a) Very high transmission power

b) Large capacity

c) Convenient and flexible installation

d) Good transmission capability

e) Good adaptability for the field environment

f) Super Environmental Adaptation

g) Great Output Power, Achieving Wide Coverage

h) Mature & Reliable Frequency Carrier Module

i) Flexible Power Adaptability

j) Flexible Transmission Solution

k) Rapid & Reliable Software Online Update

l) Quick Startup

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Swapping of the telecommunication infrastructures

engineer — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:11:02 +0000

It used to happen that telecommunication companies replace the current telecommunication infrastructures to support telecommunication service such as mobile internet service to the new one for one or more reasons. It could be the capacity issue, interoperability to others telecommunication systems, upgrading to the new version and more features of telecommunication devices etc. There will be a lot of activity will be done by telecommunication companies while swapping schedule is started such as perform mobile internet service test. They should do many tests to make sure that telecommunication services are working proper before and after swapping of old telecommunication infrastructures
What I mean swapping here is replacing the telecommunication core network such as Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) as the core network of to support telecommunication services such as mobile internet service. As we know that Huawei platform was deployed in many Indonesia telecommunication companies. It is possible that Huawei will replace as well current MSC from another platform. And while swapping process is occurring, Telecommunication Company should do many testing to make sure that telecommunication services are running well. These are what they will do during this activity

1. Swapping the current/old Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Transceiver Controller (BSC) platform
This means that old hardware will be no more in service at that area which covered by all of those equipment. Usually telecommunication companies will relocate the old one to the new area

2. Migrate the new Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Transceiver Controller (BSC) platform to the new Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
This means telecommunication companies should install new telecommunication infrastructures above to replace the old one

3. Testing to the entire of telecommunication services
After swapping is completed the next step is resting to the entire of telecommunication service such ensuring that Voice, SMS and mobile internet service are working fine and Value Added Service (VAS) as well such as download content service. They should do this testing one by one and note if the test is passed or not. They should make a call to own network, long distance call and international call through certainty prefix (VOIP) or International Direct Dial (IDD). They also should send SMS to many numbers and do dial up connection to make sure that Data Service is running perfectly.
If one or more tests are not passed that they should roll back to the previous telecommunication infrastructures. We can say that the swapping process is fail. Telecommunication services such as mobile internet service should run properly after this swapping.

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Telecommunication system

engineer — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 12:30:19 +0000

How the call service is going? How subscriber can send SMS to their friend, family and partner? How you can access mobile broadband internet service through mobile phone or modem connected to laptop/computer? All telecommunication services mentioned above are running through telecommunication systems which installed by telecommunication companies. Telecommunication system responsible to handle telecommunication service requested by subscribers, process it and generate proper output. Telecommunication system is connected from one network element connect to another one. Any failure or disturbance to one or more network element of telecommunication system will interrupt the request of telecommunication system from subscriber. As the result, subscriber will fail to retrieve telecommunication services, either voice, SMS, mobile internet service or Value Added Service (VAS)

What are telecommunication systems which responsible to handle subscriber’s request?
1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
2. Base Station Controller (BSC)
3. Transmission media
4. Home Local Register (HLR)/Visitor Local Register (VST)
5. Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
6. Intelligent Network (IN)

Telecommunication systems above are the core network element where any kind of telecommunication services will come and go through those network elements. The next level is depending on what kind of telecommunication service is requested by subscribers. Different telecommunication service will be served by different network element of telecommunication systems. The network elements which responsible to process the requests from subscriber are;
1. Short Messaging Service Centre (SMSC)
2. Public Data Service Node (PDSN), GGSN/GPRS
3. Application server

Application server is network element which responsible to handle services based on application service such as mobile internet service for billing purpose, Value Added Service (VAS). There could be many kinds of VAS service such as download contents, subscription service, Ring Back Tone (RBT) service etc. Therefore there will be a lot of application server on the telecommunication system and it will more and more. Telecommunication system should be installed with redundant system to make sure that the entire of telecommunication services are running well event though one or more network element of telecommunication systems are getting problems

Intelligent Network (IN)

engineer — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 10:27:59 +0000

Intelligent Network (IN) is playing the key roll on the telecommunication infrastructures. The main function of Intelligent Network (IN) is to charge any transaction made by prepaid subscribers while accessing the telecommunication service such as mobile internet service. The key point is charging to the prepaid subscribers. Meanwhile postpaid subscriber will be done by another network element. This network element could be mediation server which collects the Code Detail Record (CDR) from another telecommunication infrastructure that generates the CDR. Intelligent Network (IN) is responsible to deduct subscriber’s balance while they retrieved the service they already requested such as mobile internet service . Any telecommunication infrastructures which give a charging to the subscribers should connect to the Intelligent Network (IN) with many kind protocols then deduct the subscriber’s balance while they are succeed to access it. The protocol could be http, telnet, SMPP, SMPP plus etc

For example subscriber makes a session through their laptop/computer to access wireless or mobile internet service. What will happen on the back end system during balance deduction are;

Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will identify the subscribers profile on its database
Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will query the subscriber status to the Intelligent Network
Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will reserve mount of balance to access the traffic for some times
Intelligent Network (IN) will deduct the balance as much as requested by charging system of wireless or mobile internet service
Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will request again mount of balance while the first request is used by subscriber
Intelligent Network (IN) will do the same until subscriber disconnect the session or has insufficient balance

Intelligent Network (IN) consist of several network element which responsible to different functions. They are:

Service Management Protocol (SMP
Service Control Protocol (SCP
Data Access Control Point (DACP)

Usually some telecommunication infrastructures which require connecting to Intelligent Network (IN) to deduct subscriber’s balance will not connect directly to SCP but they are using Intelligent Network (IN) gateway. As we know that telecommunication companies have many kinds of telecommunication services which handled by many telecommunication infrastructures to run the services. Each service usually will be handled by particular network elements. It means, there will be a lot of connection to Intelligent Network. Intelligent Network (IN) gateway is avoiding undesired Intelligent Network (IN) performance such high utilization

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Interoperability of telecommunication infrastructures

engineer — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 17:45:49 +0000

It was that Telecommunication Company prefers to use single network infrastructures platform rather than multi vendors. The reason is easy to manage and it can reduce difficulty while they want to create many products and services such as mobile internet service. With “turn key” project, a vendor can deploy end to end telecommunication infrastructures at the short time according to the schedule. It will have different result while the use multi vendor to their telecommunication infrastructures which used to generate complicated deployment especially while they have different standardization

Applying multi vendor sometime generate many complicated during integrating many telecommunication service such as mobile internet service. The many cases happen while Huawei platform integrate with another platform. Huawei is most popular platform right especially in Asia since few years ago. It has eliminated many Europe and USA platform such as NOKIA, SIEMENS, NORTELL, ALCATEL and ERICSSON. At the first telecommunication booming in Indonesia, Europe and USA telecommunication platform was being the first option while they want to deploy telecommunication services. Usually there will be no issue while both platform USA and Europe was integrated due to some reason. Few years later, Huawei platform is growing fast and almost all telecommunication companies are using their platform either partial or entire of telecommunication infrastructures

In many cases, Huawei is deploying their own telecommunication standardization and it is generating a problem while they want to be integrated to different platform. For example while you want to integrating Huawei Base Station Controller (BSC) to the Nortell Public Data Service Node (PDSN). Huawei has many attribute in the BSC which did not comply with 3GPP2 standardization such as naming how to identify each BSC which converted to hexadecimal format. If they refer this requirement to 3GPP2 standardization there will be difficulty while they want to be integrated. As the result, to resolve this issue, there should be modification at the opponent. It may a minor issue which means tolerable referring to 3GPP2 standardization but it generate an issue and take a long time to identify the problem and finding the solution. As the result, there will be a delay to launch a new telecommunication service such as mobile internet service

The same issue is almost not occurring to the each Europe or USA platform while they are integrating. Both platforms have a smooth migration while Telecommunication Company plans to integrate. The main issue to them is very costly compare to Huawei platform. In addition, cheap tariff to any telecommunication service is the most campaign offered by each telecommunication companies right now, reducing the cost of deployment of infrastructures is a good decision to compete with another one. Huawei is becoming a good solution in this situation

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Building a Voice Over IP (VOIP) Service

engineer — Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:30:18 +0000

VOIP services are needed by telecommunication company since many subscribers has many purposes by doing that such business activity, contacting their family etc. Telecommunication Company prefer to provide international call service with VOIP rather than International Direct Dial (IDD) service which need a license from the regulatory institution beside it gives cheaper tariff. From subscribers’ view, the different between both VOIP and IDD service is while they make a dial session. VOIP service is valid to their subscribers only and subscribers should dial with additional prefix. Meanwhile, IDD service is valid to any subscribers from any telecommunication company with certainty prefix number which already given by regulatory institution.

It is different with IDD service, while Telecommunication Company decides to build a VOIP service, there will be some network infrastructures needed to be inserted to the current one. VOIP service is running on the existing network, telecommunication company just need to make sure that the call was delivered to the destination at abroad and conversation happen between calling and called number. Generally, the new network infrastructures that needed are;

VOIP gateway
International Link/Bandwidth
International VOIP partner

The international call from subscriber will forwarded from Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) to VOIP gateway and digit translation is happening here. This new digit number will be encapsulated to the IP base packet and will be delivered to the International VOIP partner. VOIP gateway responsible to covert traditional call bases (ISDN and Signaling) coming from subscriber to the IP base packet.

Since VOIP service is international call base, telecommunication company should deploy international link or bandwidth to deliver and retrieve a packet. It is like a bandwidth needed by mobile internet service.The international link could be dedicated E1 transmission that will be terminated from Telecommunication Company to the international partner. Usually, Telecommunication Company prefers to provide internet bandwidth to deliver the VOIP traffic since they can insert it to another service which requires internet bandwidth as well such as mobile internet service .

Telecommunication Company did not deliver the VOIP traffic to the destination number directly. The international call will be forwarded to their international VOIP partner at abroad and let them deliver it to the proper destination number. International VOIP partner may forward the call to the destination number directly through VOIP service as well or they will forward it to their partner as well. It is depending on the level of international VOIP partner has been chosen by Telecommunication Company. Telecommunication Company also can connect their international call to several International VOIP partner to distribute various traffic scenario. This scenario usually was applied to give various tariff calls to certainty countries

Data Com Network to support telecommunication services

engineer — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 15:28:51 +0000

It does not mean that when telecommunication core network has been building than they ready for service. Data Com network is needed to support many kinds of telecommunication services. The term of Data Com network used to refer to the routing purpose, how the packet will be delivered from source address to destination address. Data Com network is needed in every telecommunication infrastructures; they responsible to connect equipments that locate at different place and area and find the best way the deliver the packet.
We can summarize the function on Data Com network on the telecommunication service such as mobile internet service are;

1. Routing the packet to the destination address

To ensure that packet was delivered to the right destination, Data Com Network implement routing protocol such as static routing, OSPF, BGP, eBGP

2. Finding the best way to deliver the packet

Usually the shortest path is to representing the best way to reach the destination address. Data Com network will find which is the fastest way to deliver the packet

3. Integrating the entire of telecommunication network infrastructures

By assigning an IP address to each network elements, the entire of telecommunication infrastructures can be accessed and monitored from the head quarter

4. Permitting and denying particular address to access particular network (security policy)

This is a mechanism to protect the network from huge illegal traffic

5. Preventing unauthorized traffic from public network to access to internal network

Data Com is running on the 3 of 7 OSI Model, they are physical, data link and routing layer. Meanwhile equipments which used to use to run Data Com function are Router, Switch/Catalyst, Cabling, Firewall. .Actually Data Com network is very urgent and critical to support telecommunication service such as mobile internet service . Any major problem to the Data Com network will impact to almost telecommunication service e.g. mobile internet service . Telecommunication core network are integrated one to each other by connecting through Data Com network. HLR, MSC, BSC, BTS, SMSC and others telecommunication core network will be interrupted when the core Data Com network has a problem and it means that Data Com network plays the key role to the telecommunication services. To ensure that their role is running well, many technology are applied on the Data Com network e.g. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), ATM and high level routing protocol

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E1 transmission problem

engineer — Sun, 06 Sep 2009 09:47:47 +0000

Telecommunication service e.g mobile broadband internet service is carried out by many transmission media such as optical fiber, satellite and radio microwave (E1 transmission). They will be utilized based on purpose and location where they will be installed. Almost the entire of telecommunication services are using E1 transmission including wireless or mobile broadband internet service. The reason is because they can provide the lowest rate speed level (1E1 equal to 2 Mbps) more over they can be divided into several time slot (1 time slot equal to 64 kbps)

Wireless internet service needs E1 transmission to carry out internet traffic from subscribers located at many areas. Usually Telecommunication Company has only one termination point to internet gateway and located ad head quarter. With this scenario, their subscribers located at long distance at many areas must be terminated using E1 transmission. More areas they need to connect then more E1 capacity they need. This is potential point to have a problem on wireless or mobile broadband internet service. While this is happening, the things need to be investigated and fix it are;

1. How many E1 capacity to cover the entire of areas

Traffic which carried out by E1 transmission of wireless or mobile broadband internet service is internet traffic which can not be predicted how much its capacity. The capacity of E1 transmission to carry our wireless internet service will increase while the internet traffic from many areas increases. While E1 transmission problem is coming, we need to identify how many E1 transmissions are going down.

2. Which termination point is having a problem

Usually Telecommunication Company has several E1 termination points. Some of them are lease to another provider and some are their own network infrastructures.

3. What kind of connections of this E1

Many technologies can be utilized to terminate the E1 transmission such Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Point to Point (P2P) Connection

4. Network element which connected this E1 transmission

Before internet traffic reach the internet gateway E1 transmission will be converted to IP based packet and to do this effort, telecommunication company need to add E1 converter to IP base.

5. Back up E1 transmission to reroute the traffic

The availability of back up E1 transmission is very critical while primary E1 transmission goes down. This is to ensure that wireless internet service is running for 24 hours. While E1 transmission problem is coming usually there will be long outage of service if they do not have back up E1 transmission

E1 transmission problem could be at any point of above. It could be on the E1 transmission it self was go down or on the network element where this E1 terminated are going down or on the technology where E1 transmission was connected. The critical point that must be provided by telecommunication company to ensure that wireless or mobile broadband internet service run well is provide a redundancy network in case the primary link goes down

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Value Added Services (VAS)

engineer — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 08:05:13 +0000

Beside voice call, Data Service (wireless internet service) and messaging (SMS) services, Telecommunication Company used to offer some Value Added Services (VAS) to their subscribers. VAS business is growing very fast today since it was offering so many services which can be customized based on any requests and purposes. Telecommunication Company can change the VAS service features once the notices that new feature or application more valuable and profitable than previous. They also can create new application and feature immediately once they plan to launch new service

Value Added Service (VAS) business is not difficult enough to be implemented on the network existing. It is depending on what kind of VAS service they want to launch. A few network infrastructures need to be installed to the current network. Below is the common new network infrastructures that needed to be install to the VAS service

Application server
Database server
Charging system

VAS service is running on the existing network infrastructures. It means that the call flow process is running through the same path where voice call and Data Service run. Through subscriber’s mobile phone, the request to the VAS service will be routed to the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR/VLR and IN networks.

VAS service is application based service. There will be client and server to accommodate this service. Therefore the network infrastructures to support VAS service is server based which can be installed any application. Meanwhile the client could be mobile phone at subscriber end which already installed new application. Database server is needed to maintain the entire of subscribers, what kind of service they already registered, keeping the contents etc.

Meanwhile charging system is needed to charge subscribers while they register to the application, download a content etc. Usually VAS service has own charging system even though the same tool already installed on the existing network infrastructures due to I has different charging mechanism. The mechanisms of charging on the VAS service usually are;

Based on subscription

Subscriber will be charged while they subscribe to one or more of the services

Based on a content downloaded by subscriber

Subscriber will be charged while they download one or more content of the services

One of the VAS services is download content services. Subscribers, through their mobile phone which already have client e.g. BREW and WAP will be able to subscribe or download to one or more services already provided by Telecommunication Company

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