Although BREW services need a less RF capacity but sometime session will also retrieve error message that could be from any network element. BREW client will generate error such as “network busy” while they are trying to access the BREW application. This error could be caused by many reasons such as lack of RF capacity; the server was down etc. this error should be identified and get a resolution immediately to reduce many complaints from subscribers

There are many ways to ensure what the root cause of this problem and how to fix it. Analyzing to all of network elements is needed as one network element connect and support to another one. One of the methods to identify the root cause of problem and fix it is by tracing the session from each network elements. BREW services on mobile internet service are running on application layer and once we ensure that no issue on the application, tracing the entire of session to produce the complete logs and analyze it is very useful.

The network elements which need to be traced to get a useful data are;

1. Base Station Controller (BSC)
2. Mobile Switching Controller (MSC)
3. Public Data Service Node (PDSN)
4. BREW server

By tracing on the BSC we will notice if user already sent the request to PDSN and get the response through A10/11 protocol. We can say that no issue found on the BTS, BSC and MSC once we confirm that the connection between BSC to PDSN is established. We can ensure it once the request from BSC was responded by PDSN. Tracing log from the PDSN will give more information whether the session is established or not and whether user retrieves the application from BREW server or not. Here also we can find why the session was disconnected and who did it. PDSN is the central processing of wireless or mobile internet service including BREW services (download content). The entire of data service process is happening in this network element. Therefore, information about the failed session we can find here; who is not responding and why they are not.

We also can do tracing the session from the BREW server to identify if the request from subscriber arrive to the server or not and if server gives a response to this request. Once we have complete information from each network elements then we can take a resolution to avoid the same case happen in the future

Value Added Service (VAS) business is not difficult enough to be implemented on the network existing. It is depending on what kind of VAS service they want to launch. A few network infrastructures need to be installed to the current network. Below is the common new network infrastructures that needed to be install to the VAS service

1. Application server
2. Database server
3. Charging system

VAS service is running on the existing network infrastructures. It means that the call flow process is running through the same path where voice call and Data Service run. Through subscriber’s mobile phone, the request to the VAS service will be routed to the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR/VLR and IN networks.

VAS service is application based service. There will be client and server to accommodate this service. Therefore the network infrastructures to support VAS service is server based which can be installed any application. Meanwhile the client could be mobile phone at subscriber end which already installed new application. Database server is needed to maintain the entire of subscribers, what kind of service they already registered, keeping the contents etc.

Meanwhile charging system is needed to charge subscribers while they register to the application, download a content etc. Usually VAS service has own charging system even though the same tool already installed on the existing network infrastructures due to I has different charging mechanism. The mechanisms of charging on the VAS service usually are;

1. Based on subscription

Subscriber will be charged while they subscribe to one or more of the services

1. Based on a content downloaded by subscriber

Subscriber will be charged while they download one or more content of the services

One of the VAS services is download content services. Subscribers, through their mobile phone which already have client e.g. BREW and WAP will be able to subscribe or download to one or more services already provided by Telecommunication Company

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Who is taking care to the SMS service? Messaging is one of main telecommunication service which should be available once telecommunication company need to launch a telecommunication service to the new area (expand the network coverage). The network infrastructures are needed to deploy SMS service are including the same one to deploy voice call service with new additional one that is Short Message Service Centre (SMSC). SMSC responsible to handle all request related to the SMS service. Mobile internet service will be not take care by this It will identify the SMS request from the originating mobile phone number, process the request and finally, send to request to the proper destination phone number. The complete network infrastructures which involved on the SMS service are;

1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
2. Base Station Controller (BSC)
3. Mobile Switching Centre
4. Home Local Register (HLR) or Visitor Local Register (VLR)
5. Short Message Service Centre (SMSC)
6. Intelligent Network (IN)

A message that sent by subscribers will be forward to the BTS, BSC and MSC and HLR/VLR. MSC will identify what kind of service is requested by subscriber, and it knew that it is a messaging service. The next step, MSC will forward the request to SMSC for next processing. SMSC will validate the phone number whether it is right to make a messaging service by checking the balance on Intelligent Network (IN). If it has sufficient balance, it will deducted and then deliver the message to the destination phone number.

Usually Telecommunication Company has more than one Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) to handle a huge SMS traffic. By this scenario, Telecommunication Company will share the total number of subscriber they have to each SMSC. It means that a SMS traffic will land to certainty SMSC and will be processed and delivered to the properly destination phone number. By this scenario also guarantee that, if one SMSC is getting a problem it will not impact to entire of subscribers. It will impacted to the subscriber handled by its SMSC

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To make Data Service happens, Telecommunication Company need to insert new network infrastructures to the existing network e.g. Public Data Service Node (PDSN), SGSN/GGSN and charging system to charge the subscribers while they access to internet. How the call flow of Data Service is happening from subscribers until they reach internet access on their mobile phone or computer/laptop. Herewith the network infrastructures which involved on the call flow of Data Service. In this scenario, it was deploying on the CDMA network

1. mobile phone, computer/laptop or modem
2. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
3. Base Station Controller (BSC)
4. Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
5. Home Local Register/Visitor Local Register (HLR/VLR)
6. Public Data Service Node (PDSN)
7. Intelligent Network (IN)
8. Authentication, Accounting and Authorization (AAA) or Charging System
9. Firewall
10. Bandwidth to internet gateway

The call flow of Data Service e.g mobile broadband internet service is just like voice call flow. The different is type of service which be retrieved by subscribers. Therefore, Data Service call flow will be routed to the network infrastructures where voice call served and then route to Data Service’s networks element to have internet service.

First step, subscribers will make a session through the mobile phone (WAP application) or computer/laptop that connects to modem. If voice call session starts the process by dialing to the destination, Data Service started by dialing to certainty number for example #777 so then MSC will identify that it is Data Service process. The next step, call flow will land on BTS, BSC, MSC and HLR/VLR. Once MSC noticed that it is a Data Service call, MSC will forward the request to PDSN. PDSN will assign a certainty IP Pool once the session was authenticated. PDSN also will forward the request to Accounting server or charging system to assign a tariff.

AAA server or charging system will assign certainty tariff once they noticed that the phone number used by subscribers to make a Data Service is a valid number. Finally, PDSN will request internet traffic and then forward back to the subscribers. In this section, subscriber will be able to browse to internet. Firewall was installed to protect internal network keep secure

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1. Mobile (MS)
2. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
3. Transmission media
4. Base Station Controller (BSC)
5. Home Location Register (HLR) or Visitor Location Register (VLR)
6. Intelligent Network (IN)
7. Mobile Switching Control (MSC)

Those telecommunication elements above are minimum requirement needed to make a call session or data session on mobile internet service is going on. Actually there are more network element involved during call session but the will not discus here

The first step is you dial to the destination number through your mobile phone or handset. Mobile Station could be your mobile phone, fixed phone or VOIP call via computer. BTS which covered your mobile phone number will take over this dial process to be delivered to the destination number. BTS area is a station where usually contain a tower and shelter to place some equipment e.g. BTS itself, indoor unit of transmission media, power or battery and E1 termination. Shelter should keep on cool to ensure that all equipments are running proper. Meanwhile tower are used for transmit and receive all session either call, SMS or data services (mobile internet service ) from subscriber to the calling partner or to internet gateway

BTS will deliver and receive the telecommunication services from one subscriber to another one through transmission media which are usually using microwave radio, optical fiber and satellite. Media transmission is “the way” where traffic from subscriber or any source address will be delivered to another subscriber or destination address.

The next destination is the call session will land to BSC. BSC is collection of BTS that built in comprehensive equipment. BSC will take over the call session delivered by BTS and will identify what proper next destination. BSC then deliver the call session to MSC. MSC will check the mobile phone number whether he is valid phone number to make a call and identify who making a call is. MSC will request to HLR if the phone number is registered here and if not then MSC will try to find on the VLR if he/she is a visitor.

Once MSC ensure that the phone number is valid number on the database (HLR or VLR), the last step is balance deduction process on the IN. If subscribers balance is enough then balance will be deducted and voice session will happen and vice versa.

Actually the call process that happens on the telecommunication element is more complicate and each of them is related which means that if any disturbance to the one of them; it will impact to the call service. or data service on mobile internet service. The call service could be going to have poor performance or worst case they will get a call drop. But if they all run proper the call session will happen very fast as if you talk directly to your calling partner

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