Mobile Broadband Service » AAA

EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Optimized

engineer — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 15:16:56 +0000

Broadband provider should consider others alternative technology to provide wider service coverage instead of traditional service such as cable and DSL. It depending on the current wireless network they have, EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Evolution Data Optimized is one option for CDMA platform. With EVDO platform, mobile broadband subscriber could have high speed internet access in many areas, any where and any time they want to access internet, download large file etc. EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Optimized is the next generation of CDMA 1xRTT and deployed to provide greater speed than CDMA 1x RTT which only have speed 50 Kbps – 100 Kbps (burst to 144 Kbps).

There are several platforms on EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Optimized which indicating the capability to download and upload:

EVDO Rev 0: can provide 400kbps-1000kbps to download (bursts up to 2.0Mbps) and 50kbps-100kbps to upload (bursts to 144Kbps)
EVDO Rev A: can provide 600Kbps-1,400Kbps to download (bursts to 3.1Mbps), and 500Kbps-800Kbps to upload (bursts to 1.8Mbps)
EVDO Rev B: up to 9.3 Mbps to download and 5.4 Mbps to upload

EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Optimized is working on CDMA network. Mobile provider with CDMA platform can utilize their traditional network to deploy EVDO (Evolution Data Only/Optimized service). They can integrate current network with EVDO platform. They only need to upgrade some network element to support EVDO platform such as AAA and PDSN itself.

Deploying EVDO – Evolution Data Only/Optimized is the thing that should be prioritized by mobile provider with CDMA platform as at the same time huge network migration to offer high speed internet access happens at many mobile providers either on GSM platform and WIMAX.

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How to deploy Facebook application on wireless internet service

engineer — Sat, 01 May 2010 14:46:52 +0000

Telecommunication companies which has wireless internet service such CDMA 1x and GPRS are not recommended to provided BlackBerry service due to internet access speed reason. However, wireless internet service they already have can be utilized to provide the similar service on the Blackberry service such as email service, Facebook application and messaging service (Yahoo Messanger, Gtalk, WLM etc). Other applications also can be developed there to differentiate it with the service on the mobile broadband service. BREW platform is the term to overcome the problem on wireless internet service to introduce high application on the low and middle mobile phone

To deploy facebook application on wireless internet service, telecommunication companies should prepare below network infrastructures:

client server BREW application
wireless internet network which including Public Data Serving Node (PDSN), Charging Gateway, AAA server and CDMA network which including BTS, BSC and HLR
Internet gateway to connect to outside (Facebook.com)

The key point to introduce Facebook application on wireless internet service which actually has speed up to 153,6 kbps is deploying client – server BREW application. The key parameters while deploying client – server application are:

How much maximum speed can be consumed by low end mobile phone which will access Facebook application
Memory utilization and disk capacity that will be allocated on the mobile phone

Client application in this case is Facebook client that will be inserted on the mobile phone with BREW platform. Algorithm and applications details should be pre-defined and should match with the Server before they deployed on the mobile phone. Meanwhile Server application is middle ware server which interact with mobile phone and facebook server. Beside the algorithm and protocol that should have match with the client, server application should proper and same with algorithm on the facebook server as well. This algorithm which called Facebook Algorithm Programming Interface (API) should be synchronized every time once facebook server made any changing

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Charging mechanism on mobile broadband service

engineer — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 15:46:02 +0000

Charging process

When session from mobile broadband service succeed to be authenticated by Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server then PDSN will send accounting request to charging system either PDSN itself, AAA service or dedicated charging platform such as Online Charging Service (OCS) and charging gateway. Once the charging system allows the session which that mean mobile broadband session is valid customer and have sufficient balance then mobile broadband session will be allowed to access the traffic either internet or application service such as BREW application, download contents etc

Basic charging mechanisms

There are many types of charging mechanisms to allow mobile broadband subscriber to access the service. Charging mechanism on mobile broadband service is created with many rules or rating due to various packages on mobile broadband service. Basic charging mechanisms are duration (time) and volume bases. Charging mechanism base on duration will charge mobile broadband subscriber for total duration they have been used to access the traffic. Meanwhile volume mechanism will charge mobile broadband subscriber for total volume (bytes) traffic they have been consumed.

Various charging mechanisms

As various packages, mobile broadband provider need to create flexible and various rating. It usually referring to what kind of traffic will be accessed by mobile broadband subscriber. Charging mechanism will be rated based on what protocol will be hit by mobile broadband subscriber and what kind of service will be consumed by mobile broadband subscriber. The charging mechanism is also referring to what packages will be taken by mobile broadband subscriber. In this charging mechanism, there will be a certainty rating for Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). There will be different rates when mobile broadband subscriber access to chatting service such Yahoo Messenger (YM), Gtalk, MSN and WLM and when subscriber accesses to email service such as Yahoo mail, Google mail and Hotmail. Mobile broadband provider will create certainty rate for accessing social networking such as Facebook and Twitter. When subscriber accesses to application service such as download content, they will have different rate as well

High flexibility on the charging system is required to have various charging mechanisms such above

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Authentication process on mobile broadband service

engineer — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 17:55:51 +0000

Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)

While making a session on mobile broadband service, server will check whether the parameters sent by session from mobile broadband subscriber has meet the condition or not. AAA server will reject the session if it does not meet the condition and allowing to the next process if the authentication process is pass. The Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) call process of mobile broadband session is running on the application layer, mobile broadband subscriber did not aware about the process. Mobile broadband subscriber needs only to make a session while they want to access to internet

Authentication process on mobile broadband service requires several parameters depend on the network platform implemented by telecommunication companies to provide mobile broadband service. The parameters sent to AAA server while mobile broadband subscriber initiate sessions are

1. Username and password

AAA server already specified the unique username and password that should be sent by mobile broadband subscriber while they initiate a session. AAA server is also specifying the domain that those username and password will be classified. Authentication request from subscriber should contain the same value which already specify on the AAA server. In case username or password does not match, then AAA servers will response with authentication reject. A notification will be displayed on the mobile broadband subscriber with certainty value such as “Invalid Username and Password”

2. IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)

CDMA platform will check mobile broadband subscriber’s IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) when authentication process happens. IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) is 15 digit numbers which divided into digits of MNC (Mobile Network Code), MCC (Mobile Country Code) and MDN (Mobile Directory Number). Authentication process will check whether session from mobile broadband subscriber has valid IMSI or not. In case the IMSI is valid then will go to the next step and if the IMSI is valid the session will be terminated and AAA server will send authentication reject message

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PDSN: The Central processing of Data Service

engineer — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 09:28:19 +0000

When subscriber makes a dial session to have data service (wireless or mobile broadband internet service) on the CDMA platform, the first stage it will go through the telecommunication system such as BTS, BSC and MSC. Mobile Switching (MSC) will indicate that it is a data service session than MSC will forward the request to the Public Data Serving Node (PDSN). PDSN is the central processing of data service on the CDMA platform. In term of voice session it has the same function as MSC meanwhile SMS service, it is like Short Messaging Service Centre (SMSC).

PDSN process the request before subscriber reach the internet and do the necessary action to make sure that the session reach the right another telecommunication network while make a data service session. Globally, PDSN has functions as below;

1. Manage the radio-packet (RP) interface that connect to BSC

As we know that the main issue on wireless internet service is lack of Radio Frequency (RF). While subscriber is connected but do nothing (dormant time) session between subscriber, BTS and BSC will be terminated but connection between BSC to PDSN still there until subscriber browse to generate the traffic

2. Provide routing and packet management service

Session from subscriber will be routed to internet gateway so then subscriber able to browse to internet. In another case subscribers will browse to internal application service such as Value Added Service (VAS). PDSN will route the subscriber’s request to proper application service

3. Applies IP services

Each session from subscriber will be allocated a certainty IP Pool. Each session has different IP Pool. PDSN will allocate this IP Pool to each subscriber

4. Collects packet billing data

Usually charging system is done by another network element (charging gateway). PDSN will forward the charging process to the another network element

5. Authentication packet connections

At the first when the subscriber make a dial up session, PDSN will sent to authentication to AAA server to identify whether this is valid subscriber or not

The important thing related to PDSN is Authentication, Accounting and Authorization (AAA) process. Accounting is related to charging process that will be done by charging gateway. Subscriber will be charged based on policy was applied on the charging gateway to each subscriber. Authentication process is identification process to each subscriber before they are allowed to access the internet. The things that will be checked by Authentication server are account (username and password) and mobile phone number(MIN – Mobile Identification Number). Meanwhile Authorization process is the access policy to the subscriber

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The call flow of Data Service

engineer — Sat, 22 Aug 2009 13:14:13 +0000

There are many telecommunication services can be optimized by Telecommunication Company to gain as much as revenue instead of traditional service (voice call and SMS) and one of them is Data Service e.g. mobile broadband internet service. Data Service could be internet access e.g. mobile broadband internet service through wireless network or Value Added Services (VAS) which utilized Data Service platform e.g. a service based on BREW and WAP platform. The term of Data Service is usually associated with wireless or mobile broadband internet services which include CDMA 1x 2000, GPRS, EVDO or 3G services.

To make Data Service happens, Telecommunication Company need to insert new network infrastructures to the existing network e.g. Public Data Service Node (PDSN), SGSN/GGSN and charging system to charge the subscribers while they access to internet. How the call flow of Data Service is happening from subscribers until they reach internet access on their mobile phone or computer/laptop. Herewith the network infrastructures which involved on the call flow of Data Service. In this scenario, it was deploying on the CDMA network

mobile phone, computer/laptop or modem
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Home Local Register/Visitor Local Register (HLR/VLR)
Public Data Service Node (PDSN)
Intelligent Network (IN)
Authentication, Accounting and Authorization (AAA) or Charging System
Firewall
Bandwidth to internet gateway

The call flow of Data Service e.g mobile broadband internet service is just like voice call flow. The different is type of service which be retrieved by subscribers. Therefore, Data Service call flow will be routed to the network infrastructures where voice call served and then route to Data Service’s networks element to have internet service.

First step, subscribers will make a session through the mobile phone (WAP application) or computer/laptop that connects to modem. If voice call session starts the process by dialing to the destination, Data Service started by dialing to certainty number for example #777 so then MSC will identify that it is Data Service process. The next step, call flow will land on BTS, BSC, MSC and HLR/VLR. Once MSC noticed that it is a Data Service call, MSC will forward the request to PDSN. PDSN will assign a certainty IP Pool once the session was authenticated. PDSN also will forward the request to Accounting server or charging system to assign a tariff.

AAA server or charging system will assign certainty tariff once they noticed that the phone number used by subscribers to make a Data Service is a valid number. Finally, PDSN will request internet traffic and then forward back to the subscribers. In this section, subscriber will be able to browse to internet. Firewall was installed to protect internal network keep secure