The benefit of Pay As You Go (PAYG) broadband deal is subscriber can select which broadband plan they want to and can leaves many service and contract which usually available on the monthly bases contract which they do not really require. With Pay As You Go (PAYG) Broadband Deals, subscriber will select the broadband package where they really need. The second is Pay As You Go (PAYG) Broadband Deals offering price per MB usage you consume, in some case, they will charge base on how long you connect to broadband service

O2 network is offering Pay As You Go (PAYG) Broadband Deals where you will get no contract and commitment, speed up tp 3.6 MB and bandwidth 1GB. T-Mobile will give 3.6 MB speed and bandwidth limitation 2GB. Vodafone and T-Mobile also offer the similar Pay As You Go (PAYG) Broadband Deals with various bandwidth limitations. Since there will be bandwidth limitation on this broadband deal, it is required to be considered how much bandwidth you will consume for a month before you go to Pay As You Go (PAYG) Broadband Deals.

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EVDO call flow on PDSN to accounting is related to charging purpose. This call flow describes how the session from EVDO subscriber comes to PDSN is happening and how the data call reach the accounting server and finally how the accounting server deduct the balance from Intelligent Network (IN). On the EVDO call flow, PDSN will receive accounting request from subscriber to accounting server. Usually PDSN will have more than 1 accounting servers. Some PDSN can do prioritizing and some PDSN can have more than one accounting server per domain. Accounting request which comes to PDSN then will be forwarded to the proper accounting server suppose primary accounting server. Then accounting server will check the DN subscriber whether they have sufficient right to access EVDO or not. If the user has sufficient rights then accounting server will response to PDSN for this session

The next step of EVDO call flow while accounting server responses the session is query the balance status to Intelligent Network (IN) before allowed to access EVDO service. There is particular protocol used by accounting server to check the status and reserve balance from IN. some accounting server will reserve a mount of balance before subscriber access the EVDO service. Since there are two types of  EVDO service, prepaid and postpaid subscriber then there will be different call flow on the deduction process. The next step of EVDO call flow once the query and reservation balance to IN is complete is flowing traffic and service from subscriber to destination

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When session from mobile broadband service succeed to be authenticated by Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server then PDSN will send accounting request to charging system either PDSN itself, AAA service or dedicated charging platform such as Online Charging Service (OCS) and charging gateway. Once the charging system allows the session which that mean mobile broadband session is valid customer and have sufficient balance then mobile broadband session will be allowed to access the traffic either internet or application service such as BREW application, download contents etc

Basic charging mechanisms

There are many types of charging mechanisms to allow mobile broadband subscriber to access the service. Charging mechanism on mobile broadband service is created with many rules or rating due to various packages on mobile broadband service. Basic charging mechanisms are duration (time) and volume bases. Charging mechanism base on duration will charge mobile broadband subscriber for total duration they have been used to access the traffic. Meanwhile volume mechanism will charge mobile broadband subscriber for total volume (bytes) traffic they have been consumed.

Various charging mechanisms

As various packages, mobile broadband provider need to create flexible and various rating. It usually referring to what kind of traffic will be accessed by mobile broadband subscriber. Charging mechanism will be rated based on what protocol will be hit by mobile broadband subscriber and what kind of service will be consumed by mobile broadband subscriber. The charging mechanism is also referring to what packages will be taken by mobile broadband subscriber. In this charging mechanism, there will be a certainty rating for Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). There will be different rates when mobile broadband subscriber access to chatting service such Yahoo Messenger (YM), Gtalk, MSN and WLM and when subscriber accesses to email service such as Yahoo mail, Google mail and Hotmail. Mobile broadband provider will create certainty rate for accessing social networking such as Facebook and Twitter. When subscriber accesses to application service such as download content, they will have different rate as well

High flexibility on the charging system is required to have various charging mechanisms such above

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Mobile broadband service will require accounting process to charge mobile broadband subscriber while they access high speed internet access. Accounting process responsible to deduct subscriber balance for the prepaid phone number and record the transaction on the Call Detail Record (CDR) for the postpaid phone number. Accounting process could be done by Authentication, Accounting and Authorization (AAA) server or dedicated charging system. Accounting process on mobile broadband service either on EVDO, 3G or WIMAX involves several partner such as Intelligent Network (IN) so then the charging process can be done

Accounting process types

Basically accounting system or charging gateway will charge mobile broadband service based on two kind of charging; duration and volume. Duration base means that mobile broadband subscriber will be charged based on how long time they access to internet. Meanwhile volume base charging means mobile broadband subscriber will be charged for the mount bytes they have been accessing.

Accounting call flow

When mobile broadband subscribers initiate a session through their mobile phone and modem connected to internet, accounting server or charging gateway will look into the database whether this subscriber (mobile phone number) register in the database or not. Accounting server or charging gateway then will look into type of charging will be applied to this subscriber whether duration or volume bases. Accounting server or charging gateway then will request to Intelligent Network (IN) to reserve some money to access internet. Reservation balance to Intelligent Network (IN) will happen to prepaid subscriber. Postpaid subscriber will have different accounting process. Once Intelligent Network (IN) confirms that this mobile broadband subscriber has sufficient balance then Intelligent Network will deduct the balance as much as requested by accounting server or charging gateway. After deduction complete then mobile broadband subscriber will be allowed to access internet or others mobile broadband service

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The promotion they used to offer to the prepaid phone number is;

 1. Free call promotion

Telecommunication companies used to offer free call promotion for certainty period and some conditions that have to meet such as free call after midnight hour, free call after 15 minutes make a call, free call for certainty period to another phone number with the same telecommunication company and free call at holiday period. Free call promotion used to will be applied to phone number at the same telecommunication company. Meanwhile to the different telecommunication company, usually they will give a discount

2. Free SMS promotion

Free SMS promotion is very flexible and giving more advantages to its telecommunication company since Telecommunication Company will receive the entire of tariff when their subscriber is sending SMS to another telecommunication company. It means that Telecommunication Company will pay nothing once they have high traffic to different telecommunication company.

3. Free Data service promotion

Free Data service promotion has several methods and usually Telecommunication Company will apply several methods at the same such as free access to internet for 10 Mbps once subscriber bought new prepaid phone number Prepaid tariff promotion seems will be placed as the high priority to the telecommunication company while they want to promote many others telecommunication services such as BREW service, VAS service etc

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1. Prepaid phone number

Subscribers should top up the balance while it reach zero balance or unable to make any kind of telecommunication services either call, SMS or data services. Prepaid phone number will have several statuses which indicate the capability to use telecommunication service. Right now, new phone number should register to 4444 to fulfill the owner identity. Once the registration completed, the prepaid phone number status will be “ACTIVE” which means that prepaid phone number is ready to be used to access telecommunication services for certainty duration as long as it has enough balance. “ACTIVE” status is allowing subscriber to have incoming and outgoing telecommunication services. Usually new prepaid phone number will active for certainty period either subscriber use the balance to access telecommunication services or not. When this period is over then prepaid phone number status will be “INACTIVE”. “INACTIVE” status is allowing subscriber to have outgoing service and blocking incoming service. During “INACTIVE” period, subscriber requires to top up the balance or reactivate to status by buying activation period. Prepaid phone number will have “INACTIVE” status for certainty period as well. Once subscriber adds the balance, the status will change to “ACTIVE” but if until the “INACTIVE” period, subscriber did not add the balance then the prepaid phone number will change to “DISCONNECT” status. “DISCONNECT” status means that the prepaid phone number is unable to be used anymore

2. Postpaid phone number

Postpaid phone number means that subscriber will pay the bill at the next month once they already used the telecommunication services. It is like prepaid phone number, postpaid one will have “ACTIVE”, “INACTIVE” and “DISCONNECT” statuses to indicate the capability to access the telecommunication services

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For example subscriber makes a session through their laptop/computer to access wireless or mobile internet service. What will happen on the back end system during balance deduction are;

1. Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will identify the subscribers profile on its database
2. Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will query the subscriber status to the Intelligent Network
3. Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will reserve mount of balance to access the traffic for some times
4. Intelligent Network (IN) will deduct the balance as much as requested by charging system of wireless or mobile internet service
5. Charging system of wireless or mobile internet service will request again mount of balance while the first request is used by subscriber
6. Intelligent Network (IN) will do the same until subscriber disconnect the session or has insufficient balance

Intelligent Network (IN) consist of several network element which responsible to different functions. They are:

1. Service Management Protocol (SMP
2. Service Control Protocol (SCP
3. Data Access Control Point (DACP)

Usually some telecommunication infrastructures which require connecting to Intelligent Network (IN) to deduct subscriber’s balance will not connect directly to SCP but they are using Intelligent Network (IN) gateway. As we know that telecommunication companies have many kinds of telecommunication services which handled by many telecommunication infrastructures to run the services. Each service usually will be handled by particular network elements. It means, there will be a lot of connection to Intelligent Network. Intelligent Network (IN) gateway is avoiding undesired Intelligent Network (IN) performance such high utilization

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1. Authentication Function

Before subscriber is allowed to browse to internet or download content of Value Added Service (VAS), Authentication Server will check the parameter sent by subscriber whether valid or not. The parameters that will be checked could be username and password, domain and International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI). Each subscriber whether they make a dial session through modem attached to the computer/laptop or mobile phone/handset will send certainty parameters to the PDSN before they permit to browse to internet. Authentication Server will authenticate these parameters and once it matches subscriber will be allowed to go to the next level and one or more parameters are not match than subscriber will be rejected. Authentication Server could be done by its PDSN or dedicated server. To have more authentication parameters, usually telecommunication companies will install dedicated Authentication Server. It also could be combined with the authorization and accounting functions.

2. Accounting function

Accounting is charging function. It relates to the balance deduction and how subscriber will be charged, what kind of charging mechanism will be applied. Telecommunication companies which have various charging of wireless or mobile internet service, usually will have dedicated charging gateway to create many charging policies. Actually charging function can be done by PDSN itself but it is very simple and can not adopt various charging rules. The charging rules could how duration based, volume based, hybrid charging (combination between duration and volume bases) free tariff for certainty period, free charging for mount bytes, free accessing to certainty address e.g. free for chatting at Yahoo Messenger etc. Accounting server is how they will charge the subscriber. Therefore they maintain the connection to the Intelligent Network (IN) as the telecommunication infrastructure where subscriber balance is placed. Accounting server will check the current balance for prepaid subscriber and reserve the balance before it permit to browse to internet or download some contents of Value Added Service (VAS)

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1. Duration base

Subscriber will be charged based on how long they access the internet

2. Volume base

Subscriber will be charged based how long much traffic has been consumed by subscriber

By practice, Telecommunication Company can make various charging mechanisms on their mobile broadband internet service and they are more complicated but basically they are referring to two charging mechanisms above. To run charging mechanism, Telecommunication Company requires charging gateway which could be integrated to the Intelligent Network (IN) or dedicated charging gateway with more powerful. Intelligent Network (IN) usually to handle day to day charging call and SMS services. Meanwhile dedicated charging gateway is to handling data and Value Added Service (VAS).

Generally charging mechanism on the wireless or mobile broadband internet service is described as below;

1. Accounting request is coming to charging gateway

Public Data Service Node (PDSN) will send accounting request to charging gateway before subscriber is allowed to access to internet on mobile broadband internet service

2. Charging gateway will look into its database to identify the subscriber status

Subscribers which granted to access to internet are registered on its database. While subscriber is not register than charging gateway will send a notification and about the status of subscriber

3. Charging gateway will reserve and deduct a mount of balance to Intelligent Network (IN)

When charging gateway confirms that subscriber is a granted subscriber than they will reserve and deduct subscriber’s balance as long as subscriber has sufficient balance. Charging gateway also will send a notification to subscriber once they have insufficient balance

4. Then subscriber will be allowed to access to internet

Each time reservation and deduction complete, charging gateway will permit the subscriber to access to internet

Balance will be refunded to subscriber in case subscriber stop to access to internet and reservation balance still there